Let's take it by animal species from the top to
the bottom.
The pigs (the leaders of the pack) are
confident, selfish, strong-willed, deceitful, and in need of constant pleasure and
comfort. The correspond very well to the corrupt leaders/dictators you hear about around
the world.
The dogs (the police/enforcers) are like the
sidekicks. They are loyal, cruel strong arms of the government who believe what the
leaders tell them and will enforce the state rules no matter who gets hurt. (Think the
Nazi SS)
The horses (Boxer and Clover) are like the loyal
workers. They believe what they are told because they are too dumb to think for
themselves. They will work harder than anyone because they are good hearted, but they
don't see how they are being used.
The Raven (which
represents the church) is holier than thou and hypocritical. He sidles up to whomever is
in power and spouts cliches about heaven. He supports which ever side brings him the
most comfort.
The Donkey is the skeptic, but he is also
selfish. He is smart and knows what is going on, but he wants to stay out of it and mind
his own business.
The chickens and the sheep are the
general public, pushed and pulled by every wind of
doctrine.
Old Major- is the idealistic believer
in equality and ultimately the purest form of communism. He is loyal and honest, and
wants the best for his "people". He corresponds to Karl Marx in
history.
Napoleon - is ruthless and brutal and has a lust
for power. Much like his historical counterpart Stalin, he cares only for himself and
will sell out anyone to give himself more power and
status.
Snowball- is a type for Trotsky in old Russia. He
believes that the pigs should be in charge, but he wants to bring forth communism
through education, not force.
Squealer- is the "spin
doctor" for the pigs. He manipulates the people to believe in the world
state.
The Dogs- are the military arm of the government.
They are mindless "right-hand men" of the pigs. They have no thoughts of their own, but
simply carry out the brutal commands of their leaders. Think the Nazi
SS.
Boxer and Clover - are the true believers. They work
very hard to make everyone equal, but they are too stupid to understand that they are
being taken advantage of. They are much like the everyday people under
communism.
The donkey- is smart but stubborn. He knows what
is going on, but he doesn't want to get involved. I would equate him to those during
WWII that turned a blind eye to the holocaust.
The Raven-
is hypocritical and self-indlulgent much like Orwell's view of the church. He sidles up
to whomever is in power and makes promises of a better life, so the leaders will keep
him happy.
The sheep and the chickens- are regular
joes.