The developmental theories of Piaget and Vygotsky are not
only different in nature, but different in approach, and you are right in that they are
difficult to compare. The best way to approach the comparison is to look at overarching
principles, rather than the little details.
The biggest
difference between Piaget and Vygotsky was in their assessment of a child's progression
of development. Piaget believed that babies are born completely "ego-centric" and
development proceeds from the individual first, and moves outwardly. (Evidence of this
might be suggested by the time it takes for a baby to recognize its mother vs
recognition of its own hand.) Piaget also believed that physical development (and
hitting physical milestones) preceded internalization (learning, mental understanding).
Essentially, Piaget believed that learning and development begin as a type of survival
instinct, and the child grows to understand that other people can be part of this
process.
Vygotsky, on the other hand, believed development
begins on a social level (through social interaction) and is gradually internalized, or
made personal. Vygotsky believed learning precedes development (exactly opposite to
Piaget), meaning, a new stage of development is not reached until the child has
internalized the idea or lesson.
Both theorists agree that
development can be the result of "cognitive conflict." In other words, both agree that
when children experience a moment of difference between what they believe and what they
actually perceive, they will figure out a way to bring about balance (Piaget called it
"adaptation" and "assimilation"; Vygotsky uses the term "scaffolding" or using prior
knowledge to understand something new).
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