What is the significance of Fort Sumter?

Fort Sumter, located in Charleston, South Carolina was one
of two federal ports in the southern United States. Soon after the election of 1860
seven southern states succeeded from the Union.  President Lincoln declared that the
Union would hold on to these two ports after the succession.  However, on April 10, 1861
the Confederate General Beauregard demanded evacuation of the post by the Union troops. 
When they refused General Beauregard attacked Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861.  On April
13, 1861, Fort Sumter was captured by the Confederacy and on April 14, 1861 Major Robert
Anderson surrendered to the Confederacy. 

In response to
the capture of Fort Sumter, President Lincoln called on state militias to put down the
rebellion.  This in turn caused more states to join the Confederacy. The battle for
control of Fort Sumter marked the beginning of what was to become the Civil
War.

What was the main reason for Hitler to start World War II?

One of the main reasons was simply an expansion to the
borders of what he viewed as Germany, to take back the Rhineland and annexing Austria. 
After that it was to continue to further the goals of the Nazi party and the Nazi ideal,
to expand the borders of what Hitler considered to be a righteous republic while also
helping to rid the world of the people Hitler considered to be standing in the way of
progress and civilization.

Some might also argue that it
was simply a natural consequence of the poorly drawn up agreement ending WWI.  There is
also the argument that he had built up the military to such an extent that it simply had
to be used.

How did improvements in working conditions arise during the Industrial Revolution? See below.The improvement of working conditions over the spam...

The best of these answers is B, although this could vary
since you are asking about the whole span of the Industrial Revolution and you do not
specify what country you are talking about.

Typically,
improvements in working conditions did arise as a result of government actions.  There
are a number of examples that can be seen in the history of Great Britain.  One of these
was the Factory Act of 1833.  This law set a number of conditions on children working in
factories.  It was opposed by factory owners (which makes A and D incorrect at least in
that case) but was passed even so.

Many improvements in
working conditions arose in this way both in Britain and in the United
States.

Please identify the climax of Bridge to Terabithia by Katherine Paterson.

Let us remember that the climax is defined as the most
emotionally intense section of a work of literature. For me, the climax comes in Chapter
Twelve of this great novel. You might think it a little strange that the climax should
come after the death of Leslie has been reported, but actually, if you think about it,
it is only in Chapter Twelve that Jess begins to actually let the truth of his friend's
death sink in and he begins to process his feelings of betrayal, anger, hatred and
sadness. We see this particularly when he hits his little sister and then goes and
throws his pictures and paints in the stream, destroying them. It is only when his
father comes and cradles him as if he were a small child, but at the same time speaks to
him as an adult, that Jess begins to feel better and can begin to cope with his feelings
and move on with his life.

What does "love looks not with the eyes, but with the mind" mean and could you give me examples of that quote in A Midsummer Night's Dream?

This is actually a crucial quote for the entire play, as
Helena here in Act I scene 1 explains the complete irrational nature of love that had
already been displayed by the central lovers and will continue to be displayed by the
lovers themselves in the woods. The entire quote runs as
follows:

Love
looks not with the eyes, but with the mind,

And therefore
is winged Cupid painted blind.

Nor hath Love's mind of any
judgement taste;

Wings, and no eyes, figure unheedy
haste.

This quote means that
love does not look with reason (with the "eyes") but with the imagination ("the mind").
This is why Cupid, the god of love, is painted blind, because he does not use reason.
Aslo, love is not affected or impacted by any kind of judgement or reason, as the wings
of Cupid and his blindness indicate that love is incredibly hasty in terms of its impact
on us and our actions.

We need look no further than just a
few scenes away, when Puck administers the magic lotion and puts the lovers into a riot
as first Lysander starts to love Helena and then Demetrius loves her too. Likewise, when
Titania falls in love with Bottom we see little reason or judgement. The whole play
explores how love overpowers our judgement and reason and makes us do stupid things when
we are dominated by it.

During the American Revolution, was the American standard of living considered the highest in the world? Explain.

Determining who has the highest standard of living even
today is difficult given how hard it is to define "quality of life."  This problem is
made much worse when we try to look at standards of living over 200 years ago.  In those
days, there were very few records kept, which makes it very difficult to make any
objective comparisons.

Those who say that the American
standard of living was highest generally point to things like the physical size of
American people.  Americans were (it is believed from things like military records)
quite a bit larger on average than Europeans were.  This implies that Americans had more
and better food and were generally healthier than their European counterparts.  If we
define "standard of living" in this way, then Americans had the highest standard in the
"European" (Europe and other places peopled by Europeans) world, at
least.

What difficulties throughout the novel reveal the true nature of the characters in To Kill a Mockingbird?

It would be possible to answer this question from the
perspective of several characters. I will use Atticus to illustrate your
idea.

Atticus is an ageing single parent. He does have
Calpurnia to help him with domestic chores, but he has the complex task of bringing up a
son and a daughter with the beliefs and values he feels will make them good citizens.
Scout is impulsive and curious. He teaches her to empathise in chapter
3-

"You never
really understand a person until you consider things from his point of
view—“

“Sir?”

“—until you
climb into his skin and walk around in
it.”

Atticus shows his
children in chapter 10 that he is capable of deadly force but uses it only when
necessary. He has the strength and skill to defeat others, but only employs his skills
fairly. This is when he explains to the children

readability="5">

"it's a sin to kill a
mockingbird"

Atticus'
greatest action in the novel is of course acting as defence fot Tom Robinson. He is
aware that the trial will never produce a fair verdict, and that in some ways his
efforts could be seen as futile. However, Atticus produces a fair, detailed and
respectful defence, maintaining the dignity of himself, Tom Robinson and Mayella Ewell.
It is fitting at the end of teh trial in chapter 21 that the courtroom stands to
acknowledge Atticus' efforts to bring about unity, peace and dignity for
all.

Atticus was never going to win the trial, but he was
able to present the evidence as clearly as possible that Tom's conviction was about
race, not deed. He manages to retain the dignity and respect the community have for him,
whilst teaching an important lesson for all.