Explain the social identities associated with childhood which vary historically and are influenced by factors such as social class and culture.i...

This statement is true.  Various societies have treated
children differently at different times.  Different social classes treat children
differently as well.  You can argue that this is based largely on the degree of economic
value that children have.

For example, in a society that is
fairly poor and in which the typical family does work that a child can help with,
children are seen as potential workers.  Childhood, then, is not a time for play but a
time to be a contributing worker, helping out on the farm, perhaps.  By contrast, as a
society comes to be more affluent and people work in ways that a child can't help with,
childhood becomes a time of leisure.  Children come to be identified not as workers but
as people who should be cherished and who should be basically having
fun.

So I would argue that the variation in children's
social identities is connected mainly to the economic demands of the society in which
they grow up.