Vanitas is a symbolic art
form associated with the meaningless nature of life and vanity. Its Latin roots define
it as "emptiness," and its use in the Bible ("Vanitas vanitatum omnia
vanitas") translates to Vanity of vanities; all is
vanity. The themes of vanitas are often found in medieval funeral art and
sculpture. Macabre scenes of death and decay are common motifs that illustrate the
negative aspects of vanity and pleasure and the positive side of morality. Symbolic
objects include skulls, rotten fruit (indicating decay), and hourglasses. Despite its
moral message, vanitas art also includes a sensuous side--another way of defining human
decay and the fleeting nature of life.
The Dutch painter
Harmen Steenwijck (1612-1656) produced many examples of vanitas-style art. His painting
entitled Vanitas (1640) includes objects such as the skull, a
half-burned candle, a seashell, smoking pipes, a wine jug and a dagger; the objects
symbolize several of the themes, including death, personal gratification, and
indulgence.
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