Question about the thesis.Refer to this article http://www.csicop.org/si/show/science_and_pseudoscience_in_adult_nutrition_research_and_practice/...

Question about the thesis.

Refer to this
article

http://www.csicop.org/si/show/science_and_pseudoscience_in_adult_nutrition_research_and_practice/

In
recent years, nutrition research and practice have lagged behind many other biological
and medical fields. In part, this lag is due to many pseudoscientific beliefs and
practices mistakenly regarded as being based on scientific methods.”  The controlling is
that nutrition research is not being studied as much as biological and medical fields
because the ideas fail to have a scientific
foundation.

Based on this argument can you provide  5
supporting arguments that supports the thesis

When a 0.850 kg mass oscillates on an ideal spring, the frequency is 1.43 Hz.What is the frequency if 0.320 kg is added to the original mass and...

For a spring we have the frequency angular frequency W^2 =
k/m where m is the mass on the spring and k is the spring
constant.

When a mass of 0.85 kg is attached to the spring
the frequency is 1.43 Hz.

=> 1.43^2 =
k/(0.85)

To find the change in frequency for a change in
mass, we have to use the value of k which can be derived from the equation given
above.

k = 1.43^2*0.85

For an
increase in mass of 0.32 kg:

W = sqrt [1.43^2*0.85/(0.85 +
0.32)]

=> 1.218 Hz

For
a decrease in mass of 0.32 kg:

W = sqrt [1.43^2*0.85/(0.85
- 0.32)]

=> 1.810 Hz

Determine the minimum value of the function f(x)=4x^2-8x+1.

The minimum of the function is reached for the critical
value of the function. The critical value represents the root of the first derivative of
the function.

We'll determine the 1st derivative,
differentiating with respect to x:

f'(x) = 8x -
8

We'll cancel out
f'(x):

f'(x) = 0

8x - 8 =
0

8x = 8

x =
1

We'll calculate the minimum of the function for the
critical value x = 1.

f(1) = 4 - 8 +
1

f(1) = -3

The
minimum value of the function is represented by the pair:(1 ;
-3).

Who is the most important character in "A Jury of Her Peers"?

I always like to go out on a limb with questions like
this, because really, you can choose any character you want to as long as you can find
evidence from the text to back up your conclusion. So I am going to argue that actually
the most important person in this story is a character that we never actually meet, but
we only hear about. John Wright is a character who dominates the entire short story with
his iron will and strength, and of course in him we find the solution to the murder
mystery that we are presented with.

Note the way in which
he is described by Mrs. Hale:

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"He didn't drink, and kept his word as well as
most, I guess, and paid his debts. But he was a hard man, Mrs. Peters. Just to pass the
time of day with him--" She stopped, shivered a little. "Like a raw wind that gets to
the bone."

It is thanks to
her marriage with such a man that Mrs. Hale remembers Minnie Wright changing so
dramatically, and her thought that Minnie would have wanted a bird to brighten up her
home indicate the kind of oppressive regime that John Wright imposed on his wife. The
subsequent discovery of the canary with its neck wrung is of course perfectly in keeping
with the character of John Wright, and we can understand why John Wright is such a
powerful symbol of harsh, repressive patriarchal authority and therefore the most
important character in this excellent short story.

Who is the intended audience for this article?http://www.csicop.org/si/show/science_and_pseudoscience_in_adult_nutrition_research_and_practice/

In order to determine the intended audience for any
article or text, you must utilize two skills: identifying context
clues and making
inferences.

The first context clue to consider
is the publication itself: CSI, which stands for Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. 
According to the website's "about" page, this committee considers itself a scientific
and educational organization whose goal is to bring together those interested in
"paranormal" or "fringe science," examine and research these fields, and educate others
through publications and conferences.  It could be inferred,
therefore, that the intended audience of any article published by
this committee would include either scientists or educators (and likely both) who are
interested in pushing the boundaries of traditional scientific subjects and inquiries
into more unknown realms.

When you read and obtain context
clues from the actual article, you could further consider that the audience would likely
include scientists, educators, and others who are interested in the science of
nutrition.  It is certainly possible that this author hoped to reach not only his peers,
but those in the medical field (health/nutrition), government (the FDA, perhaps), and
finally, those who have published similar articles in science and nutrition who have
relied on what the author criticizes as "pseudoscience" for the bulk of their scientific
claims.  The tone of the article seems to suggest he's not only seeking support and
agreement for his side of the argument, but also wishes to ruffle the feathers (so to
speak) of those who practice research and publication in the nutrition field and utilize
methods this author considers to be erroneous.

Determine if the line of intersection of the planes x-3y+7=0 and x-2z-4=0 is parallel, perpendicular or neither to the plane 3x-6y-2z-12=0.

We'll determine first the intercepting line of the planes
x-3y+7=0 and x-2z-4=0.

For this reason, we'll find out x
from both equations of the planes:

x-3y+7=0 => x =
3y - 7 => x = (y - 7/3)/(1/3) (1)

x-2z-4=0 =>
x = 2z + 4 => x = (z + 2)/(1/2) (2)

We'll equate (1)
and (2):

x = (y - 7/3)/(1/3) = (z +
2)/(1/2)

The equation of the intercepting line is: x = (y -
7/3)/(1/3) = (z + 2)/(1/2)

Now, we'll write the parametric
form of this equation:

x = t

y
= 7/3 + t/3

z = -2 + t/2

We'll
verify if the intercepting line is perpendicular to the plane
3x-6y-2z-12=0.

For this reason, we'll have to prove that
the director vector of the intercepting line is collinear to the normal vector n, to the
plane 3x-6y-2z-12=0.

The director vector of the line is v(
1 , 1/3 , 1/2).

The normal vector to the plane
3x-6y-2z-12=0 is n(3 , -6 , -2).

The vectors v and n are
said to be collinear, if v = a*n

( 1 , 1/3 , 1/2) = (3a ,
-6a , -2a)

3a = 1 => a =
1/3

1/3 = -6a => a =
-1/18

It is obvious that the values of a are different,
therefore the vectors v and n are not collinear, so the intercepting line is not
perpendicular to the plane 3x-6y-2z-12=0.

If the
intercepting line is parallel to the plane 3x-6y-2z-12=0, then the dot product of the
vectors n and v is cancelling.

v*n = 1*3 + (1/3)*(-6) +
(1/2)*(-2)

v*n = 3 - 2 - 1

v*n
= 0

We notice that the dot product of the
vectors n and v is cancelling, therefore, the intercepting line of the planes x-3y+7=0
and x-2z-4=0 is parallel to the plane
3x-6y-2z-12=0.

Is there any premise, theory or scientific guess, why H2O could trigger the process of human urination, biochemically, &/or neurologically? ...

Is there any premise, theory or scientific guess, why H2O
could trigger the process of human urination, biochemically, &/or
neurologically?

From my extrapolated research,
especially hundreds of my students (age 8 to 16), and from worldwide on-line surveys, it
appears there are literally millions of adults & kids, ages "8 to 88", around
the world, all races, all ages, all economic background, and I believe crossing
centuries, who have asked this famous question: Why does running water [feeling it,
seeing, &/or hearing it run] make me have to "pee", urinate?" What are the
answers you received from the urologists, biochemists, neurologists,  and even
psychologists? What are their combined "premise-s", theories, and even scientific
"guesses"?

Are their any scientific journals,
dissertations, magazines, papers, or books out there in the worldwide scientific
community, that have answered this age-old
question?

What do we tell are kids?...Like "Don't
bother me with your useless ridiculous questions! Go ask your
dad!"

Did you know, the number "#1"  most often
question asked of NASA and the astronauts?: "How do you go the bathroom when your up in
space?" Even one of the new episodes of "Larry, the Cable Guy" had him get fitted into
of NASA's newer space toilets!

So my students --
and students from around the globe -- are asking a serious question, and they are
expecting a serious answer, besides the usual answer: "At this time we have no answers."
So, extrapbulate, theorize, even a scientific "surmise" or a scientific "guess" will do
at this time.

Thanks, I and my students love your
site.

According to Books 1 & 2 of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, what is the goal or aim of virtuous activity?I'm also looking for information on virtue...

In Books 1 & 2 of his treatise on ethics,
Aristotle expressed the idea that virtue was not so much a character trait as a skill.
He likens virtuous behavior to hitting a target with an arrow. Just as the swordsman has
to practice hitting the target over and over again to become proficient, so too does man
have to practice virtue repeatedly before getting good at it. Thus, the aim of virtuous
activity is to get better at doing virtuous things.

This
model works well the virtue of courage. According to Aristotle, the only way to develop
courage is to force yourself to do courageous things. At first, you may have a great
deal of fear and anxiety. You may not behave with valor and confidence. You may execute
your courageous act with timidity. However, as you continue to practice, you will get
better at behaving courageously.

In the story "A Rose for Emily" it says "We were glad Miss Emily was getting married because the two female cousins were even more Grierson.........

One important theme of this story is the social class
difference between the elite of the town, like Emily Gierson and her family, in
comparison to pretty much everyone else.  Miss Emily comes from an upper class family
and lives on "what was once our most august street."  She is also of the older
generation where class distinctions where more strict and more respected.  Miss Emily is
treated differently than many other people in the town may have been treated just
because of who she is and who her father was.  For this reason, the town council remit
her taxes after her father dies, but the next generation of aldermen who don't put as
much stock in social classes try to get her to pay those taxes.  She still lives in her
own world where her name means something, and she vanquishes them from her home and
never does acknowledge the taxes bills that arrive each year.  The respect and deference
that she commands comes from her understanding of who she is in this society -- she is a
Grierson!  That is why the druggist gives her the poison without her stating why she
needs it.  That is way the men sprinkle the lime around her house without ever
determining the cause of the stench.  That is why they don't insist she have postal
numbers put up on her house. 

The Grierson cousins are
probably of the same arrogant attitude.  There are no details in the story, but from the
line you quoted, it is to be inferred that they are elitist snobs who think and act as
if they are better than everyone else.  If Miss Emily acts in a way that intimidates
those around her, the cousins probably do as well.  It sounds like they may actually be
worse!  The townspeople are not big supporters of Miss Emily.  They think she is odd,
aloof, and arrogant, but the narrator tells us that the townspeople were kind of in Miss
Emily's corner here.  Miss Emily didn't want her relatives there to "keep an eye on her"
in regards to her relationship with Homer, so now that they appear to be acting
responsibly and getting married, everyone -- the townspeople and Miss Emily -- will be
happily rid of the cousins who will no longer have a purpose to be in town.  The
cousins' presence in the story helps to illustrate the theme of the class distinctions
in the South at the turn of the 20th century.

What are five factors of teenage pregnancy that may negatively impact the well-being of the children of the teen mothers?

Whenever we consider a topic like teenage pregnancy it is
very easy to allow stereotypical views of teenagers to influence us in our thinking, and
so my answer comes with a warning about making generalisations and an encouragement to
realise that there are many teenage mothers out there who are excellent parents and look
after their children very well.

However, having said this,
there are a number of draw backs in terms of having a baby during your teenage years
that have been observed in some cases. Firstly, the mother is very young and
inexperienced, and, without maturity, can find looking after a baby (which is a big job
at the best of times) very demanding. Secondly, often teenagers become pregnant without
intending to have a baby, which can result in feelings of anger towards the baby.
Thirdly, these feelings of anger or frustration are often compounded by the way in which
pregnancy and motherhood necessarily changes the teenager's world. She can see all of
her friends carrying on with their lives, graduating from high school and going to
college, whereas she must stay at home and put off such plans for a while. Fourthly,
some teenagers can consume larger amounts of alcohol and perhaps smoke more than adults,
which, if you are pregnant, has obvious health risks. Lastly, though hopefully this is
lessening now, having a child so young does bring with it a certain social stigma that
can be hard to shake off.

What is archetypal criticism?the idea of carl jung. clear explaination. pls

Archetypal criticism is a form of criticism based on the
psychology of Carl Jung. He argues that there are two levels of the unconscious: the
personal and the archetypal.

Archetypes are the unknowable
basic forms personified in recurring images, symbols, or patterns which may include
motifs. These motifs can be recognizable character types such as the trickster or the
hero, symbols such as the apple or snake, or images such as
crucifixion.

Archetypal criticism argues that archetypes
determine the form and function of literary works that a text's meaning is shaped by
cultural and psychological myths. For example, for the myth critic Northrop Frye, an
archetype is "a symbol, usually an image, which recurs often enough in literature to be
recognizable as an element of one's literary experience." Frye elaborates taxonomy of
modes, symbols, myths, and genres, establishing a complex and comprehensive
correspondence between the basic genres -- comedy, romance, tragedy, and irony -- and
the myths and archetypal patterns associated with the seasonal cycle of spring, summer,
fall, and winter.

What is the rising action in Bridge to Terabithia?

I would say that the rising action point of the novel is
chapter 10. This is where Jesse thinks about his new found abilities to believe in
himself. It is also where he enjoys the guilty pleasure of going to an art gallery and
museum with his teacher, Miss Edmunds.

Jesse has grown so
much as an individual under Leslie's influence that we can see him existing as his own
person without her. It is a crushing blow at the end of the chapter when Leslie's death
is clumsily announced by Brenda-

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“Your girl friend's dead, and Momma thought you
was dead too.”

In "Shooting of an Elephant" what did the experience teach Orwell about the "real nature" of imperialism?

This essay is noted for the epiphany that Orwell
experiences as he faces the elephant and, more importantly, for the "sea" of Burmese
faces who have come along expecting a good show and watching Orwell as they would a
magician about to pull a rabbit out of his hat. The pressure from them that Orwell feels
makes him realise that, although he thinks it is completely unnecessary to kill the
elephant, he will have to do it after all. The massive irony of this is not lost on him
as he is the white man, the overlord, the colonial power, holding a gun, who is
nevertheless forced to act in a way contrary to his judgement and experience by the will
of the crowd. The truth he learns about imperialism is that "when the white man turns
tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroys." Becoming tyrant transforms the white man
into an "absurd puppet" or a "sort of hollow, posing dummy." By seizing power,
imperialists actually paradoxically strip themselves of power.

In Chapter 12, Discuss Miss Havisham's character, noting how she treats Estella and Pip.

That Charles Dickens viewed the aristocracy of his
Victorian Age with disdain for their frivolity is apparent in Chapter XII of
Great Expectations. A woman rendered effete by her tragic
mistakes, Miss Havisham yet enjoys trifling with the feelings of both Estella and
Pip. Joining in the song of the blacksmith, "Old Clem," Miss Havisham has been intrigued
by Pip's singing "you were to hammer boys round!" for this line appeals to her motives
of exploiting Pip so that Estella can practice being cruel to the male gender, in order
to later wreaking revenge upon men in retaliation for Miss Havisham's having suffered
rejection at the altar on her wedding day.

Of particular
note is how Miss Havisham embraces Estella in an almost congratulatory manner whenever
Estella is cruel to Pip.  With a "miserly relish" in this cruelty of her ward, she
whispers greedily to Estella,

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Break their hearts, my pride and hope, break
their hearts and have no
mercy!”

And, when Pip
confesses to Miss Havisham that he is taken with Estella and finds her prettier and
prettier, Miss Havisham seems "to enjoy it greedily."  Clearly, Miss Havisham's own
selfish intentions supercede any moral instruction to Estella as well as any concern for
the sensitive Pip's feelings.

Discuss Troy's experience of being in prison in Fences.

Troy's background and experience in prison helps formulate
a great deal of his adult identity.  On one hand, prison becomes the natural extension
of his own relationship with his father.  The abuse, neglect, and lack of psychological
health in that relationship made Troy's entrance into bad decision making a reality,
something that culminated with his arrest for murder and robbery.  Troy's time in prison
ended up yielding two distinct realities that play a large role in his life after it. 
The first is that Troy continues his talent on the baseball field.  Prison allows Troy,
in a sense, to see a life outside of prison, and outside of "fences" in the skill and
talent he shows in baseball.  Interestingly enough, another experience from prison is
that Troy learns to live in a sort of psychological set of "fences."  Prison cuts Troy
off from human connection and from human interaction, something that ends up haunting
him greatly in the course of the drama.  Once Troy leaves prison, he is too old to play
baseball and the newly integrated leagues makes competition so difficult that Troy is
closed out of his dream.  Troy recognizes his skin color and the entire social
configuration against him.  At the same time, Troy is unable to fully interact with
people on an emotional level, something that prison only enhanced.  Coupled with his
internal "fences" caused from prison, and the reality that awaits him after prison, one
that is socially driven by "fences," Troy's prison experience casts a large shadow on
him and his time after it.

Why the mean value theorem is not differentiable in the close interval?

We'll recall the fact that a continuous function over a
closed interval [a,b] is differentiable over the opened interval
(a,b).

For a function to be differentiable at the endpoints
a and b, it has to be differentiable from both sides of a and it has to  be
differentiable from both sides of b. But this is impossible, since the domain of
definition of the function comprises values larger than a, including a, and values
smaller than b, including b.

Therefore, if the domain of
definition of the continuous function is [a,b], the function is differentiable from the
right at a and from the left at b.

That is
why a continuous function, whose domain of definition is the closed interval [a,b], can
be differentiable in the opened interval (a,b),
only.

Could someone please tell me why chemical industries should not be considered helpful to society rather than harmful?I have to take part in a...

I understand why chemical companies have a negative
connotation attached to them, as the environmental damage and health risks associated
with their manufacture are often the things we hear about the most.  While those are
certainly serious issues that warrant attention, those chemicals many times offer direct
benefits and improvements to our quality of life here in the United
States.

Consider the many uses of chemicals, from
sanitizing hospital wards and cleaning your local school, chemicals are used in almost
every other industry and workplace.  They help our cars to function properly, increase
the amount of food we can produce, make our farms profitable, and help your refrigerator
and air conditioners to run.

So for your presentation,
address the plethora of benefits we get from chemicals to balance out the negatives, and
point out how everyone in the audience you are speaking to very likely have chemicals in
their own homes, and have eaten food produced and made safe with chemicals that very
day.

And if you want some tips on how to present the
positives of a controversial industry, go watch the movie Thank You For
Smoking.  It is both hilarious and has excellent examples of rhetorical
spin.

What is the value of k for which when x^3 - 2x^2 + 3kx + 18 is divided by (x - 6), the remainder is equal to zero?

You should write the factored form of polynomial such
that:

c)

You need to open the brackets to the right side such
that:

6bx - 6c

You need to collect like terms to the right side
such that:

x(c - 6b) - 6c

Equating coefficients of like powers
yields:

b - 6a = -2
=> b - 6 = -2 => b = 4

24 = 3k =gt c = 3k + 24

-3

You need to substitute -3 for c in   such
that:

Dividing
by 3 both sides yields:

-9

Hence, evaluating k using th factored
form of polynomial yields .

In "The Monkey's Paw," the monkey paw always grants what a person asks for, so why do people still fear and hate it?W. W. Jacob's "The Monkey's Paw"

When the sergeant major arrives at the Whites in the
exposition of "The Monkey's Paw," he tells them that three men can own the monkey's
paw.  The first man had two wishes granted; however, his last wish was for death.  And,
when Mrs. White asks him if he had three wishes, the sergeant major replies shakily that
he did.  Evidently, there is something sinister about the monkey's paw that has had a
spell put on it by an aged fakir because the sergeant suddenly tosses the paw into the
fire.

But, Mr. White retrieves it, and the sergeant warns
him of the consequences and says,

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"...don't blame me for what happens.  Pitch it on
the fire like a sensible
man."

Despite the warning of
the soldier and his fear of the paw, the Whites go ahead and make a wish.  But, when Mr.
White does make his wish for two hundred pounds, he does not stipulate how the money
will be procured; and, as things turn out, the money arrives, but it is an insurance
payment on the life of Herbert White, the so, who was killed in an accident at work. 
Distraught and heart-broken at the loss of their son, Mrs. White demands that Mr. White
wish for Herbert to come back to life.  Herbert does return; however, he is mangled and
hideous, so Mr. White must use the third wish to send his son back to the
grave. 

Thus, the reader perceives that in making their
wishes, the Whites are not cautious and they fail to consider the consequences. In fact,
their undoings are results of their personal shortcomings, Herein lies the danger of the
monkey's paw:  it fulfills one's wish, but it does so literally without eliminating
extenuating circumstances for the one wishing. 

In Shakespeare's Hamlet, Act 3, scenes 1 and 2, describe your reactions to the scenes.Describe what you think about the characters, actions,...

With regard to Shakespeare's Hamlet,
Act Three, scenes one and two, Claudius and Gertrude express concern for Hamlet, though
we can assume only Gertrude's worry is sincere. Polonius and the King conceal themselves
so they can spy on Hamlet and Ophelia.

Hamlet delivers his
famous "To be or not to be" speech, contemplating suicide, which gives indication that
he is struggling with depression— certainly over his father's death and his mother's
hasty remarriage—his indecision over avenging his father's death, and paranoia regarding
his inability to trust those around him.

Ophelia enters and
Hamlet is unkind and dismissive. He knows that he cannot trust her as well as the
others, but he seems to miss the point that she must follow the
directions of the men around her, specifically the King and her father: in this
male-dominated society, she has no choice. She fears that Hamlet has gone insane. The
King and Polonius continue to try to figure out what is ailing
Hamlet.

In scene two, Hamlet is addressing the actors. This
scene provides "a play within a play." The performance has been designed by Hamlet, to
reenact the murder of Old Hamlet. Hamlet hopes to wring a guilty response out of
Claudius, giving Hamlet the proof he needs that the information Old Hamlet's ghost has
shared with him is reliable. While the play is presented, Hamlet torments Ophelia—making
rude and suggestive comments, steeped in sexual innuendo—which greatly embarrasses
her.

The play, by the way, is called The
Mousetrap—interesting that Hamlet is attempting to catch a "rat." Seeing the
murder of the "Player King" gets the reaction Hamlet wants, as Claudius springs to his
feet. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern come to tell Hamlet that Claudius is angry, and that
Gertrude wants to see him. After they leave, Hamlet hopes that he will have the ability
to be tough on his mother when they meet.

Now that Hamlet
seemingly has proof of his uncle's guilt, the plot will begin to move more swiftly as
Claudius must know that while Hamlet acts insane, he seems to have some knowledge of
Claudius' actions. How else could the play have been changed to directly reflect
Claudius' murder of his brother? The women are genuinely guiltless in these scenes,
while the King and Polonius are caught up in deceit. Hamlet is shrewd and skillful in
getting the result he wants, though ultimately it will not help him
overall.

Describe the Time Traveller's narrow escape at the of the Morlocks in The Time Machine.

It is Chapter Nine that I assume you are refering to,
which is when the Time Traveller and Weena, his companion, attempt to reach the Time
Machine by returning to the White Sphinx. It is in this location that the protagonist
believes the Morlocks are guarding the Time Machine. However, as they try to reach it,
Weena and the protagonist are attacked by Morlocks, who are only deterred when the Time
Traveller lights matches to scare them off. As they reach a narrow tunnel, the
protagonist feels several hands clutch him and try to pull him back. He is finally able
to reach the shaft, and what saves him from the Morlocks is grasping the projecting
hooks, which enables him to kick back violently against the Morlocks and climb up the
shaft quickly, escaping their clutches.

What was the impact of the Etruscans and Greeks on the early deveopment of Roman Civilization?

The Etruscans were the dominant influence in the area, and
contributed heavily to Roman Civilization.  Among their
contributions:

They were the first to use the Arch for
building bridges.  It is a form that adds strength, and dissipates the weight of a
structure.  It is from the Arch that we get our word “architecture.”  They also
introduced soothsayers, and gods with human forms, mostly borrowed from the Greeks, of
course.  They held slave fights – typically at funerals, as a blood memorial to one’s
greatness. These were the forerunner of the Gladiatorial games. They also started public
parades as welcomes for War heroes. Finally, they adopted the Greek alphabet; somewhat
altered, but in use still today. By and large, the Etruscans probably contributed more
than the Greeks, as much of the culture we consider "Roman" originated with the
Etruscans.

In Animal Farm, what is the cause of concern among the chickens?

If you are referring to when the chickens go on strike in
chapter 7, the chickens go on strike because Napoleon has entered into a deal in which
the chickens must produce 400 eggs per week for trade. Originally, the animals seem to
recall, one of Old Major's arguments was that it was cruel to sell of the chickens'
eggs. The hens go on strike, laying their eggs in the rafters so that they break on the
ground below. This way no one can have the eggs. Napoleon cuts their ration of food
altogether.

Their strike ends in the death of nine hens
before they give into Napoleon's demands. This incident illustrates some of the violent
and extreme measures that Napoleon is willing to take in order to keep power on the
farm. It also shows the animals beginning to realize that some of the actuality of their
own farm is not like the utopia Old Major had foreseen in chapter
1.

In "A Modest Proposal," what does Swift think the Irish should actually do rather than eating their children?

Swift uses verbal irony, stating the opposite of what he
means, in order to promote his ideas on what SHOULD be done to help the
poor.

Throughout the essay he poses his ridiculous
ideas--eating babies--to help this cause.  So when he uses verbal irony, it becomes very
clear that his ACTUAL ideas are the more sensible and reasonable (and actually quite
logical and simplistic as well!)

The verbal irony that
outlines his actual plan is as follows:

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Therefore let no man talk to me of other
expedients: Of taxing our absentees at five shillings a pound: Of using neither cloaths,
nor houshold furniture, except what is of our own growth and manufacture: Of utterly
rejecting the materials and instruments that promote foreign luxury: Of curing the
expensiveness of pride, vanity, idleness, and gaming in our women: Of introducing a vein
of parsimony, prudence and temperance: Of learning to love our country, wherein we
differ even from Laplanders, and the inhabitants of Topinamboo: Of quitting our
animosities and factions, nor acting any longer like the Jews, who were murdering one
another at the very moment their city was taken: Of being a little cautious not to sell
our country and consciences for nothing: Of teaching landlords to have at least one
degree of mercy towards their tenants. Lastly, of putting a spirit of honesty, industry,
and skill into our shop-keepers, who, if a resolution could now be taken to buy only our
native goods, would immediately unite to cheat and exact upon us in the price, the
measure, and the goodness, nor could ever yet be brought to make one fair proposal of
just dealing, though often and earnestly invited to
it.

In The Giver why is nobody allowed to be different?

Let us be careful here. What precisely do you mean by
being different? It is clear that, physically at least, the citizens of the world where
Jonas lives are allowed to be different. However, what is more disturbing is the way
that conformity is created in terms of the strict rules that must be obeyed and the way
that this community has bred out of its life concepts such as love, family and warmth,
creating a kind of stale and artificial life, that some might argue is not life at
all.

However, it is clear that this was done to avoid and
eradicate the less pleasant aspects of human life, such as pain, suffering and disorder.
Certainly, we must understand that this is a definite bonus of the world that Jonas
lives in. However, at the same time, it is clear that there is something missing, as
Jonas comes to discover when the Giver begins to share memories with Jonas of what
things were like in the olden days. Note what Jonas says after experiencing a memory of
love and family:

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I liked the feeling of love... I wish we still
had that... Of course... I do understand that it wouldn't work very well. And that it's
much better to be organised the way we are now. I can see that it was a dangerous way to
live.

Even though Jonas is
not able to fully articulate why living with love was a dangerous way to live, it is
true that when we love somebody we become vulnerable. Also, love is not a predictable
emotion. It causes us to do strange, irrational things at times. Thus it is that the
eradication of love helps maintain predictable humans, who might be argued to be less
than humans and more robots.

What does pecuniary mean in A Tale of Two Cities?

This word is used by Mr. Lorry to describe his work
situation to Miss Lucie Manette in Book I Chapter Four of this great novel. He is trying
to explain why he is not able to express feelings and can have no time for them,
describing Tellson's House and his employment as a job that crushes all such sentiment
from his body:

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"Feelings! I have no time for them, no chance of
them. I pass my whole life, miss, in turning an immense pecuniary
Mangle."

Pecuniary in this
context means of or relating to money, focusing on the way in which Tellson's exists for
one purpose alone: to make money. Anybody working for Tellson's thus finds themselves
stripped of human emotions and decency, though of course Mr. Jarvis Lorry manages to
escape this fate and determines to leave Tellson's so as to cling on to his
humanity.

How did the invention of the telegraph affect World War One and Two ? Which country made up secret codes?

The telegraph had been invented in the early part of the
19th century and became the first electromechanical device in widespread use for
communication. During World War I, the British intercepted an encoded telegraph
transmission from the German Foreign Secretary, Alfred Zimmermann (1864-1940) to the
German Ambassador in Mexico City.  It proposed that should the United States enter the
war, Germany would aid Mexico in reclaiming the southwestern United States. When the
contents of the telegraph transmission was made public, isolationist sentiment in the US
waned in favor of war with Germany.

In January, 1923,
Germany fell behind in reparation payments to the Allies, notably in a promised delivery
of telegraph poles to France. This failure prompted France to occupy the Rhineland.
 (The "Ruhr Crisis") which weakened the German Weimar Republic, and eased the way for
Nazism in the 1930's, and world war in the
1940's.

Zimmermann

What is the significance of the "elfin grot" and "manna dew" in "La Belle Dame Sans Merci"?

These two details perform the function of contributing to
the mystical, other-worldly nature of the "belle dame sans merci" by presenting her as a
"faery's child," as the speaker suggests. Note how these two details are attached to
her. Firstly, the knight tells us how this strange, mystical lady found "roots of relish
sweet, / And honey wild and manna-dew" with which to feed him. Manna is an allusion to
the heavenly food that God provided to sustain the Israelites during their wandering in
the desert, and thus we associate it with supernatural food, which greatly augments the
supernatural status of the lady.

Secondly, the knight tells
us that this lady took him to her "elfin grot," which makes it sound as if it were an
abode for elves or other magical creatures of fantasy. Both details therefore serve to
highlight the way that this lady is not of this world, and belongs to another
supernatural and mystical world of magic and enchantment. This is of course something
that the knight quickly learns himself as he falls victim to the lady's
spell.

Ibsen has remarked that A Doll's House is more about human rights than women's rights. What do you think this means?

I think that Ibsen's point is that the manner in which
couples and people treat one another is something to be assessed.  While Ibsen's work
speaks to how women's voice cannot be denied, there is a larger point in how the work
suggests that no relationship that is predicated upon the silencing of voice is
tenable:

Nora
Helmer, the "doll" wife, realizes after eight years of marriage that she has never been
a partner in her marriage. At the play's conclusion, she leaves her husband in order to
establish an identity for herself that is separate from her identity as a wife and
mother.

In this light,
Ibsen's statement becomes quite telling.  The manner in which relationships are
constructed are often done so to benefit one person at the cost of another.  This
becomes especially true in marriage, where routine and complacency can become so silent
and subterranean that individual voice is removed from such a configuration.  If Ibsen's
idea of the work being about "human rights"  is taken to its natural conclusion, Nora
leaving Torvald was because of the one- sided nature of their relationship.  While
women's rights is a part of this, the larger and more human issue is that relationships
are often constructed where one partner silences another to their own benefit. 
Intentional or unintentional, this is not an issue of gender, but of power and control. 
In this light, Ibsen's work is seen in a much more compelling light in that it calls for
a reexamination of the roles in relationships and how partners interact with another,
being more mindful of voice and assertion of that voice in order to ensure that both
parties are heard and validated.

What leads to Emily's tragedy from her family background, social background, and her personal characterisics in "A Rose for Emily"?

Emily is a product of her environment. She has suffered at
the hand of her overly strict father. No man she dated was good enough for Emily
according to her father. He would run the men she dated away, insisting that each one
was not good enough for his Emily.

Because her father was
too strict, Emily remains single even at thirty. She becomes withdrawn. She isolates
herself from others. Then one day, Homer Barron comes into her life. She is seen with
him in a horse and buggy on Sunday afternoons. Talk among the people is that they are to
be married.

Later in the story, Homer is not seen anymore.
The people in the community feel that he has abandoned her. It is only after her death
that they learn Emily's horrible secret. They find Homer's rotted corpse upstairs in the
honeymoon suite that Emily had prepared many years ago. What is more horrible is that
they find a iron-gray strand of Emily's hair on the pillow next to Homer's dead
body.

Obviously, Emily lost her sanity somewhere along the
way. This could be due to fact that her father would not allow her to have gentleman
callers. He was too strict. He forced Emily to become an isolated spinster. No one knows
how much she suffered behind closed doors. In her death, Emily's suffering is
over:

The
funeral is a morbid affair. Soon after Emily is buried, several of the men force the
upstairs open. There they find what is evidently the rotten corpse of Homer Barron. Even
more grotesque, they find a long strand of iron-gray hair on the pillow next to his
remains.

What events happened in 1898 that were important to US foreign policy?

I assume that you are asking what happened in 1898 that
had to do with foreign policy in the US.  I have changed your question to reflect
this.

The most important thing that happened in 1898 was
the Spanish American War.  The Spanish American War was important for the United States
because it gave the US a world-wide empire.  After this war, the US controlled
territories as far away as the Philippine Islands.  This meant that the US had a way to
project power far away from its home territory.  It also meant that US foreign policy
would need to take into account events thousands of miles away from the US.  This led,
for example, to the fact that the US had to worry about Japan's actions in Asia in the
time leading up to World War II,.

Why is Anne unable to join the other activists who are singing "We Shall Overcome" at the end of Coming of Age in Mississippi?

I had to pare the original question down a bit.  Anne's
characterization is fundamentally different than other Civil Rights Activists because of
a richness that allows a spirit of questioning to emerge.  Simply put, Anne is distinct
from other Civil Rights Activists singing "We Shall Overcome" because Anne is wondering
whether they will overcome.  Anne's understanding of the Civil Rights Movement is poised
between two ends.  On one level, Anne is fundamentally angered at White America for its
mistreatment and cruelty displayed towards African- Americans.  At the same time, she is
frustrated at the inertia that is present in the African- American community.  Whether
out of fear or simple stubbornness, she finds that the resistance to change in the Black
community arouses as much anger in her as the dislike she possesses towards White
aggressors.  In the end, Anne is a complex thinker and character to fully embrace the
idea that the cancer of racism might go unchecked because of both realities that cause
so much repugnance within her.  In this light, Anne is unable to join the other
activists in believing that all will be well and "we shall
overcome."

What figures of speech are used in the following article?...

Your question is about an articled titled "Science and
Pseudoscience in Adult Nutrition Research and Practice."  Since this is clearly a
non-fiction article on a technical subject, one would not expect it to use much
figurative language.  Still, there are some
examples.

METAPHOR: a comparison that does not use "like"
or "as"

a) "nutrition research...have lagged behind many
other...fields."

Only a person (or animal, or
vehicle) in a race can lag behind; saying that one kind of research
"lags behind" another is a
metaphor.

b) "such
studies...are...the result of
'data-dredging."

The author is comparing some
studies to "dredging," which is the process of cleaning a body of water by dragging up
the mud and sewage that is clogging it.  The author is saying that some researchers find
a lot of "dirty," unreliable statistics, "draw" them out of the mud, and use them as the
basis for their conclusions.

ALLUSION: a
reference to another work of literature, or to history,
etc.

a) "Are there 'fountain of youth' nutritional
approaches...?"

The "Fountain of Youth" is a
reference to ancient legend (see link below)

b) The author refers
several times to the ancient Greek philosopher, Aristotle.

In Act I Scene 1 of The Taming of the Shrew, how is Tranio's intelligence and education recognised even though he is Lucentio's servant?

It is Tranio, let us remember, that seems to try and bring
his master down to earth after he has fallen so violently in love with Bianca at first
sight. Shakespeare shows that Tranio is more than capable of trying to debate with his
love sick master, and that he can quote various texts in support of his argument. Note
the following example:

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If love have touched you, naught remains but
so,

"Redime te captum quam queas
minimo."

This is a quote from
Terence, which translated means "buy yourself out of bondage for as little as you can."
Tranio is here showing his intelligence and how well-read he is as well as gently poking
fun at his master, talking about the negatives of being in
love.

Likewise note that it is Tranio that points out the
various realities of the situation whilst Lucentio looks upon it with his pink lenses of
love. It is Tranio that needs to remind Lucentio about the existence of Katharina, and
then also it is Tranio who decides to "stir" his master from his "trance" and help him
to practically think of how to win Bianca. Although he is careful not to overstep the
bounds of his position as servant, one could argue that he cunningly directs his master
to the plan that he has already formed, encouraging his master to play the role of tutor
and himself to become Lucentio. It is Tranio throughout this scene who is shown to be
intelligent and resourceful.

In Fahrenheit 451, what would happen if the public found out Montag wasn't really dead and it was all a hoax?

Well, let us remember that soon after Montag's televised
"death" the entire city gets blown to smithereens, so I am not too sure that they would
be in any fit state to worry about Montag's escape after all. However, let us just
assume for one moment that in a different parallel future for the city Montag's escape
is discovered. To be honest, I don't think for one moment that this would happen. This
is because the grip of power that the state has over its people and the media is so
complete that they would never allow anything to be broadcast that would contradict the
"truth" that they have already transmitted.

Let us just
also focus on the kind of people that make up this city. The main people we have met in
this novel are Mildred and her friends. They are shown to have been so conditioned by
the media and state control that they would never think of contradicting the media for
one second. They would believe so totally the news of Montag's "death" that they would
disbelieve anything that might suggest otherwise. Therefore, even if news of Montag's
faked death did get out, which it wouldn't, it would have no impact
whatsoever.

What effect is created by this combination of concrete and mystical language at the beginning of The Scarlet Letter?In describing the scarlet...

What a wonderful observation you have made in the confines
of Nathaniel Hawthorne's "The Custom-House" section of The Scarlet
Letter!  Let's look at the instances of both concrete and mystical language
you mention.  We'll take the concrete first:

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It was the capital letter A.  By an accurate
measurement, each limb proved to be precisely three inches and a quarter in length.  It
had been intended, there could be no doubt, as an ornamental article of
dress.

Concrete details,
indeed!  An exact measurement and description of its absolute use!  It is significant to
note here that Nathaniel Hawthorne actually worked in the Boston Custom House in the
mid-1800s.  It is also important to realize that Hawthorne had Puritan ancestors and
many critics believe that he felt guilt associated with their cruel tactics of penance
and punishment.

Here is the mystical language (where the
word "mystic" is actually used) which immediately follows the concrete
above:

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Certainly there was some deep meaning in it most
worthy of interpretation, and which, as it were, streamed forth from the mystic symbol,
subtly communicating itself to my sensibilities, but evading the analysis of my mind.
... I happened to place it on my breast. ... I experienced a sensation not altogether
physical, yet almost so, as of burning heat, and as if the letter were not of red cloth,
but red-hot iron.  I shuddered, and involuntarily let it fall upon the
floor.

So, the speaker
(Hawthorne himself?) in "The Custom-House" stands there contemplating the letter and,
when involuntarily placing it in the exact play where Hester wore hers, the speaker
feels a burning sensation!  We have entered into the realm of feeling and sensibility of
the author.

Now to approach the point of your question.  It
seems to me if you combine the two sets of language (the concrete and the mystical) the
basis serves as a sort of historical context to the novel as well as a precursor to the
symbolism of the letter.  In short, "The Custom-House" itself, and particularly these
excerpts I've mentioned, give the story verisimilitude.  It makes us believe the story
of Hester.  It gives the speaker, dare I say Hawthorne himself, a connection to the
story and he, being already moved by the burning sensation of the letter, sets up a nice
bit of suspense for the reader who must surely ask, "Why, oh why, does this
happen?"

It's the truth of the concrete details coupled
with the mystery of the burn that provide suspense.  Even further than the wondering
why, the reader should enter into the advanced thought that the letter must surely
"mean" something.  It must be a symbol in this novel, as it also graces the novel's
title.  And it does, dear reader, at first it symbolizes "Adultery" and later it serves
to symbolize Hester being "Able."  God bless her!

What are four different arguments in Dr. King's "Letter from Birmingham Jail?"

I would say that there are some distinct arguments that
Dr. King lays out beautifully in his letter.  The stages he outlines as justifying his
campaign would each constitute an argument leading to action.  Dr. King argues that
“there are four basic steps:”

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…collection of the facts to determine whether
injustices are alive,  negotiation, self- purification, and direct
action.

Each of these
represents a fundamental argument towards the situation that confronts Dr. King and his
followers.  The idea of collecting the facts that indicate injustice comes from the
overall laws that permit and allow segregation, and the police tactics used to
substantiate such edicts.  The negotiation argument is what King uses to reflect that he
and his followers have shown reasonability, yet have fallen as “victims of a broken
promise.”  Simply put, Dr. King quotes St. Augustine in arguing that there cannot be any
negotiation with laws that are substantively unfair and violate due process for “an
unjust law is no law at all.”  It is in the third phase of self- purification where King
achieves a moral transcendence.  It is this phase where King argues that non violent,
active resistance is the key to initiating social change.  The “self- purification” to
which King argues is essential for this moral transcendence is the resistance against
violence and the commitment to active resistance through peaceful means, showing the
moral inferiority of the opponent.  Finally, the direction action is what Dr. King ends
his letter with, as a call for those who believe in righteousness and justice to take a
stand against evil.  It is in these four phases where four distinct arguments are made
in order to initiate the call to action, the need to transform the world into what
should be as opposed to what is.

Please give a summary of "The Cloud."

It is important to realise that the persona of this poem
is actually the cloud of the title, who in the poem talks about its various appearances
and what it does during its life. The initial stanza gives a general overview of the
cloud's functions. It waters "the thirsting flowers" as a gentle entity, but at the same
time, there is a violence and a power in the cloud as it "wield[s] the flail of the
lashing hail" and shows its majesty in the "laugh" of thunder. In the second stanza, the
cloud presents itself as being gentle, sleeping during tempests and covering the tops of
mountains. The contemporary belief of how clouds are controlled by electricity in the
atmosphere is explored in this stanza, with the attraction between the two kinds of
electricity that was thought to produce rain being described as
love.

The third verse refers to the course of the sun from
the vantage point of the cloud as it rises and sets. The beauty of the sun's movements
and how they impact the sun are described. The next stanza then moves on to describe the
moon, and again how it impacts the cloud, and the joy that the cloud has in seeing the
stars and how they "whirl and flee, / Like a swarm of golden bees" as the cloud becomes
more fragmented.

The fifth stanza presents the cloud as a
high cloud that envelops the sun and moon when they appear behind it. Then, the cloud
shifts form once again becoming a rain cloud that contains the "Powers of the air" which
are "chained to my chair" as it drops its load of rain on the "laughing" Earth. Lastly,
the final stanza concludes the poem by talking about the clouds relationship with the
elements and its cycle of life:

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I am the daughter of Earth and
Water,

And the nursling of the
Sky;

I pass through the pores of the ocean and
shores,

I change, but I cannot
die.

Note the intimate
relation that the cloud claims with the planet and how its eternal nature and changing
form is alluded to. After the rain it is reborn, "Like a child from the womb" to rebuild
its own form.

On whose writings are the economic policies of the speaker (see below) largely based?" My sole aim is profit. By making a profit I serve the...

Given these options, the only possible correct answer is
B.  This is a statement that could not be based on the ideas of any of these thinkers
other than Adam Smith.

Adam Smith is best known for his
idea of the "invisible hand" of the market.  He says that the economic decisions that
are made in a society must be made by the demands of the market, not by any kind of
governmental policies.  This is very much in line with the last line of the statement
you have given us.

All of the other people that you mention
were more or less opposed to the capitalist system.  All of them were, to one degree or
another, more receptive to socialist ideas.

if the line L1, passes through the first pair of points, L2 through the second pair, find the angle from L1 to L2. given are;...

You need to remember the equation that helps you to find
the angle between the given lines and , such
that:

represents the slope of the line

represents the slope of the line

Since the line l_1 passes through the points and
yields:

Since the line passes through the points and
yields:

2/(-4) => m_2 = -1/2

You may substitute - for
and - for in equation of tangent , such
that:

= (-5/2)/(5/2) = -1

You need to remember that the tangent
of an angle is negative if the angle is obtuse, hence or
.

Hence,
evaluating the angle between the lines l_1 and l_2 yields
.

In what ways does Twain use irony in "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County"?

In his humorous story, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of
Calaveras County, Mark Twain makes clever use of irony in separating the true from the
false.  He does this through the use of three types of irony: verbal
irony, in which a word or phrase is used to suggest the opposite of its
usual meaning; dramatic irony, in which there is a
contradiction between what a character thinks and what the reader or audience knows to
be true; and situational irony, in which an event occurs
that directly contradicts the expectations of the characters, of the reader, or of the
audience.

Verbal
Irony

By appearing to set up a contrast
between the sophisticated, even pedantic voice of the narrator from the East and the
regional dialect of Simon Wheeler, Twain satirizes the superior attitude of the
Easterner; however, at the same time, according to critic Lawrence R. Smith in his essay
entitled, "Mark Twain's 'Jumping Frog':  Towards an American Heroic Ideal," there is not
just satire of the sophisticated and the vernacular voice, but there is a verbal irony
regarding the men's speech: the contrast of falsity against truth. For instance, Twain's
narrator describes Smiley's voice as possessing "a gentle-flowing key" when, in truth,
he finds Smiley tedious.

Situational
Irony

As he tells his "exasperating
reminiscence" of Jim Smiley, Simon Wheeler ridicules the hypocrisy of the narrator who
purports to seek "any information" on the Reverend Leonidas W. Smiley for which he
"would feel under many obligations to him": Wheeler tells the narrator about Jim Smiley
who,

...if
there was a camp meeting, he would be there reg'lar, to bet on Parson Walker, which he
judged to be the best exhorter about here, and so he was, too, and a good
man

This ridicule of the man
of cloth contradicts what the narrator expects to hear while it also points to the
insincerity of the narrator himself who leaves because the tale of Jim Smiley does not
afford him information about the Rev. Leonidas W.
Smiley.

Dramatic
Irony

This type of irony occurs in the tale
about Jim Smiley's frog Daniel Webster--ironically named, of course for his "honesty"
and "straightforwardness"although he is just a frog--whose mouth the other man fills
with quailshot unbenowst to the owner, Mr. Smiley.  But, since the other man knows, this
is dramatic irony.

How does Canada's electoral system work?

National elections in Canada are conducted much like
national elections in Great Britain.  Voters in local ridings elect members to the House
of Commons.  The House of Commons then selects a Prime Minister from among its
members.

Elections in each riding are conducted using a
plurality system.  There is only one member from each riding and whichever candidate
gets a plurality of the vote (more of the vote than anyone else) wins.  The members of
the House of Commons then determine who will be the Prime Minister.  The PM is generally
the leader of whichever party can gain a majority of the seats in the House of Commons. 
He or she is not elected on a nationwide basis like the President of the US.  Instead,
the PM is simply a member of the House of Commons, elected by his or her riding, who is
then selected as PM by the House.

A familiar kind of behavior is showing one face to the world and another to oneself. Is the deception of characters in Hamlet ever...

In his opus magnum, The Scarlet
Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote,

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No man, for any considerable period, can wear
one face to himself, and another to the multitude, without finally getting bewildered as
to which may be the true.

For
several of the deceptive characters of Shakespeare's play Hamlet
this statement is, indeed, true, and because of its truth, the deception of
certain characters becomes so damaging to them and to
others.

POLONIUS
Perhaps the most egregious use
of deception is in the character of Polonius.  Even his speech is a facade.  For
instance, he tells King Claudius that

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...brevity is the soul of
wit,

And tediousness the limbs and outward flourishes
(2.2.90-91)

Yet. he is highly
verbose himself.  Added to this fault, he is extremely deceptive, even to his children,
Laertes and Ophelia. delivering to his son in Act I, Scene 3 a long diatribe against
being dishonorable when he himelf epitomizes deceit and corruption as he has Reynaldo
follow Laertes and even impugn his reputations to serve as probes to the truth of
Laertes actions; he manipulates the king and queen and hides behind the arras to
evesdrop on Hamlet and his mother.  Further, Polonius exploits his daughter by
instructing her to not spend time or even talk to Hamlet so that Hamlet will be further
disturbed.  Then, Polonius will have the proof he wants to prove that Hamlet is mad,
but, in so doing, he blocks the love of Ophelia and Hamlet for each other,and, thus,
effects poor Ophelia's madness and death.

Tragically for
him, too, the false face and the deception of Polonius become his nemesis as in his
corruption and desire for political position, he effects his own death. by violating his
own platitudes.

CLAUDIUS

His
criminal deception comes to haunt Claudius as he fears that Hamlet will have him killed.
Consequently, he sends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to spy upon Hamlet, and later to
take him purportedly to England, where he will be assassinated.  But, when Hamlet has
the players re-enact the murderous actions of Claudius, the king becomes nervous and
even remorseful in Act III, scene 3.  Nevertheless, he continues to plot against Hamlet
and enlists Laertes in his nefarious plot to have Hamlet slain.  At no time is the
deception of Claudiius honorable or justified as it is always designed to serve his own
desires without concern for
others.

OPHELIA

Instructed by
her father Polonius to cease contact with Hamlet and return his love letters, Ophelia
finds herself victimized in her false face as Hamlet deals her only cruel words and
taunts.

HAMLET

While Hamlet
pays a high price for his playing mad with Ophelia, his duplicity with Guildenstern and
Rosencrantz does save his life as he foils their plot to have him killed in England. 
His clever manipulation of the play by the actors, disturbs Claudius and thereby
convinces Hamlet of his uncle's guilt  which, in turn, effects his actions in Act V that
free the Danish court of its corruption.

In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is Huck allowed to be in Tom's gang?

We can find the answer to this question in Chapter Two of
this excellent coming of age novel. Having set up the gang, Tom says that you can only
enter it if you sign an oath saying that the families of the boys in the gang who told
secrets would be killed in revenge for the revealing of those secrets. This of course
presents a problem for Huck, as he has no family. It looks as if Huck might be not
allowed to join the gang because of this, but fortunately, Huck is able to come up with
a suitable alternative:

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Well, nobody could think of anything to
do--everybody was stumped, and set still. I was most ready to cry; but all at once I
thought of a way, and so I offered them Miss Watson--they could kill
her.

With this solution, Huck
is able to join the gang as he has managed to think of somebody who could act as a
substitute family and could be killed in turn. The oaths of course highglightTom
Sawyer's remarkable imagination and the way that he is obsessed by adventure books,
which foreshadows his unnecessary complications of what could be a simple escape plan at
the end of the novel.

Write a note on ‘Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972’.

(1)            The payment of
Gratuity Act was passed in 1972.

The West Bengal Government
first passed an ordinance in 1971. Later, the Indian Labour Conference & the
Labour Ministers at their meetings felt the need for a central law on Gratuity. The
model of West Bengal was accepted, except the provision that gratuity should be
forfeited in case of dismissal or gross
misconduct.

 This Act has a
wide coverage  & includes all factories, mines, oil fields,  plantations, ports,
railways, shops or establishments as specified by a Central Government
notification.

ELIGIBILITY FOR
GRATUITY : -

(1)   Any person employed on
wage / salary.

(2)   At the time of retirement or
resignation or on superannuation, an employee should have rendered continuous service of
not less than five years.

(3)   In case of death or
disablement, the gratuity is payable, even if he has not completed 5 yrs of
service.

 The quantum of gratuity is to be computed at the
rate of 15 days wages (7 days wages in case of seasonal establishments) based on rate of
wages last drawn by the employee concerned for every completed year of service or a part
thereof exceeding 6 months.

Calculation of Gratuity :
-

Gratuity =   Monthly
Salary /26      X      15 days      X      No. of yrs of
service. 

Maximum Gratuity payable under the
Act is Rs. 3,50,000 / - (w.e.f. – 24-09-1997).

Non payment
of gratuity payable under the Act is punishable with imprisionment upto 2 yrs (minimum 6
months) and / or fine up to Rs. 20,000 / - Other contravention / offenses attract
imprisonment upto 1 yr and / or fine upto Rs. 10,000.

What does Tom's elaborate plan to free Jim tell you about Tom's attitude toward Jim? The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain

Of the two boys, Tom Sawyer is much more devious; he acts
as a foil to Huck in his brashness with Sally and he is cruel in his perception of Jim
and desire to exploit the slave.  Unlike Huck, who has observed Jim and interacted
closely with the man, Tom has not learned to perceive slaves as fully human.  Instead,
Jim is merely "a nigger," a being with whom he can have some fun with no regard
whatsoever to the man's feelings. 

In Chapter XXXV Tom,
ironically, tells Huck that they must make Jim's escape more complicated for it to be
fun.  He complains that there is no watchman to drug, and all they have to do is lift
the bed to release Jim's chained leg.  He feels that sawing off Jim's leg to free
him "would be better still." And, he elaborates on other methods of escape, all of which
would make the affair more interesting such as procuring a pen for Jim to make marks on
his shirt as a log of the days he has been held captive.  All of Tom's ideas indicate
his attitude that Jim is worth no more than the pen or the ladder; he is just something
in the game of escape that he plans. 

Find the radius of the circle passing through the point (2,2) and having x-y-3=0 as its diameter.

It is possible to draw a circle with diameter x - y - 3 =
0 passing through (2,2) with any radius, but there is a minimum radius that can be drawn
when the line through the center of the circle is perpendicular to (2,2).   This
perpendicular line will have a slope that is the negative reciprocal of the diameter. 
The slope of the diameter is 1 so the slope of the perpendicular line would be -1/1 =
-1.

A line through (2,2) with slope -1 is y - 2 = -(x - 2) 
or y = -x + 4

y = -x + 4 intercects x - y - 3 = 0 (or y = x
- 3) when -x + 4 = x - 3

solving for x we get 2x = 7 or x =
7/2 substituting we get y = 1/2, so the point is at (7/2, 1/2) which you can verify is
the only point which is on y = -x + 4 and y = x - 3.

The
radius is the distance between the center (7/2, 1/2) and
(2,2).

Distance = sqrt((7/2-2)^2 + (1/2 - 2)^2) =
sqrt((3/2)^2 + (-3/2)^2) = sqrt(9/4 + 9/4)

Which gives 3/2
sqrt(2) as the minimum radius.  Moving the center left or right of this point increases
the radius so the minimum radius of a circle with diameter x - y - 3 = 0 and (2,2) a
point on the circle is 3/2 sqrt(2).

What is the purpose or role of Lady Macduff in Macbeth?

Shakespeare liked to have a variety of characters in his
plays. In Macbeth he has one very strong female role in Lady
Macbeth, but there are no other good female parts. The three witches are putatively
female but supernatural creatures and not real women. Banquo says to them, in one of the
rare touches of humor in this grim play:

readability="6">

You should be women,
And yet your
beards forbid me to interpret
That you are
so.

Shakespeare may have
invented a scene for Lady Macduff to try to give his play a little more balance or
variety. The audience has to be able to tell characters apart as they come and go on the
stage, and this is a major reason that plays typically feature young and old, male and
female, and contrasting types. The scene in which Lady Macduff appears is not really
necessary, since Macduff is informed that his castle was stormed and his whole family
slaughtered.

Shakespeare must have had permanent members of
his troupe who specialized in female roles and may have wanted to give one of them
something to do. Shakespeare was not only a writer but an actor, a director, a producer,
and a co-owner of the theater. The same youth who played Lady Macduff may have changed
clothes and appeared as the Messenger who reports to Macbeth in Act
5:

As I did
stand my watch upon the hill,
I looked toward Birnam, and anon
methought
The wood began to
move.

In many of
Shakespeare's other plays it is obvious that he liked plots that would include a variety
of characters, especially including females. In King Lear he has
three strong roles for Goneril, Regan, and Cordelia. In Othello he
has three good parts for Desdemona, Emilia, and Bianca. In Hamlet
he has good roles for Gertrude and Ophelia. Even in Julius Caesar
he includes roles from Calpurnia and Portia in order to keep his play from seeming like
nothing but a lot of middle-aged men strutting around in togas and hard to tell one from
the other. In As You Like It, Shakespeare has good roles for
Rosalind, Celia, Phebe and Audrey.

This is called
"orchestration." In a modern play like A Streetcar Named Desire,
you can see how the author developed a plot that would offer good parts for a variety of
characters--Stanley and Stella Kowalski, Blanche du Bois, and Harold
Mitchell.

In Macbeth, however,
although he had one powerful female role, the play was otherwise overfreighted with
military men. Perhaps too much importance has been attributed to Lady Macduff. She may
exist in the play mainly to add just another female role and provide a little visual and
even audio variation. There is also a brief role for the Gentlewoman in Act 5, Scene 1.
This "woman" may be the lad who played Lady Macduff earlier, now dressed in a different
garb.

What is the value of sum of sqrt2/2+sinx=?

To determine the value of the sum, we'll create matching
functions in the given sum.

Since sin pi/4 = (sqrt2)/2,
we'll substitute the value (sqrt2)/2 by the equivalent function of the angle
pi/4.

We'll transform the sum  into a
product.

sin x + sin pi/4 = sin x +
(sqrt2)/2

sin x + sin pi/4  =  2sin [(x+pi/4)/2]*cos[
(x-pi/4)/2]

sin x + sin pi/4  = 2 sin [(x/2 + pi/8)]*cos[
(x/2 - pi/8)]

We'll use the half angle
identity:

sin [(x+pi/4)/2] = sqrt[2-(sqrt2)*(cos x-sin
x)]/2

cos[ (x-pi/4)/2] = sqrt[2+(sqrt2)*(cos x+sin
x)]/2

sin x + sin pi/4  =
sqrt{[2-(sqrt2)*(cos x-sin x)]*[2+(sqrt2)*(cos x+sin
x)]}/2

In The Glass Menagerie, what is the symbolism of the victrola?Tennessee Williams

Interestingly, the characters of Tennessee Williams's
play, The Glass Menagerie, are themselves somewhat symbolic.  For,
Williams's play is not realistic; instead, it is expressionistic, and so the characters
represent types of people.  Laura, a character not unlike Williams's sister Rose, is
physically disabled and emotionally crippled.  For, because of her leg, she avoids
socializing, which in turn causes her not to know how to socialize.  So, when she tries
to take the speed test at Rubicum's Business College, Laura is traumatized and leaves
the school to walk about at the zoo during class time.  When her mother Amanda learns of
Laura's failed attempts at business school, the nervous Laura retreats to the victrola
and plays the music of her mother's past, thus finding comfort in the lyrical memories
of the past.

Later on, Amanda tells Tom that Laura cannot
spend the rest of her life listening to the victrola, indicating that memories are
further crippling Laura and depriving her of any future. So, while the music of the
victrola and its old memories protects Laura from the real world, it furthers Laura's
illusions and emotional fears.   Like the unicorn and the other glass animals of the
menagerie, the victrola symbolizes Laura's fear of a reality that she can only live in
briefly.

In Angela's Ashes, why does Frank pray to St. Francis?

This part of this incredible autobiography occurs in
Chapter Seventeen, when the narrator becomes burdened by his many sins which have
reached their climax after he hit his mother because of her relations with her cousin,
Laman Griffin, with whom they live. He feels he is a complete sinner and has no hope of
salvation so he goes to the church in tears and feeling that St. Francis is no help.
Clearly one of the reasons why he feels a special connection with St. Francis is the way
that they share the same name. However, also let us remember that it is the priest that
encourages to confess his "sins" to St. Francis rather than to confess his sins in a
formal confession. Thus it is that Frank tells St. Francis about what is oppressing him
so and is able to unburden himself of all his guilt:

readability="21">

I talk to St. Francis and tell him about
Margaret, Oliver, Eugene, my father singing Roddy McCorley and bringing home no money,
my father sending no money from England, Theresa nad the green sofa, my terrible sins on
Carrigogunnell, why couldn't they hang Hermann Goering for what he did to the little
children with shoes scattered around concentration camps, the Christian Brother who
closed the door in my face, the time they wouldn't let me be an altar boy, my small
brother Michael walking up the lane with the broken shoe clacking, my bad eyes that I'm
ashamed of, the Jesuit brother who closed the door in my face, the tears in Mam's eyes
when I slappped her.

It is
interesting that this moment in the play is actually able to give Frank some measure of
relief, as he receives absolution and is encouraged to believe that Theresa is actually
in heaven and that she is happy "with the cough gone." Thus Frank prays to St. Francis
both because he has this saint's name and also because he is urged to by the
priest.

Write a letter to a bank manager, reporting him about a pocket picking incident with you when you were there to submit your school fee.PLZ help me...

readability="4.8795180722892">

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I'm a little
confused by the topic; I'm not sure why you would be paying a school fee at a bank.
However, I can assist you with the format your letter will need to take. Since you are
writing to a professional about his business, this will need to be a formal letter
rather than a personal letter. You will need to include your address and the bank
address at the top of the page before you begin your letter. Next, you will want to
begin the letter with "Dear Sir" or "Attention Bank Manager" (unless you know the actual
name of the person in question). I would start the body of this letter with some general
information about when and what occurred at the bank. Then, you will probably want to
give a detailed account of the incident. Finally, you will likely want to include what
you want the manager to do about the incident. For example, you could say that you would
appreciate his help in reporting the incident to the proper authorities or you could say
that you simply wanted him to be aware of the incident. Remember to conclude you letter
with a closing like "thank you for your time and attention" and sign the letter. See the
link below for more infomation on the appropriate formatting of a formal letter.

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What is the Synopsis of Act I Scene II?Shakespeare's Macbeth

Act I, Scene 2 of Macbeth takes place
at a camp near Forres.  There King Duncan and his sons Malcolm and Donaldain along with
the nobleman Lennox encounter a bleeding captain.  Duncan immediately asks for a report
from this captain.  The captain describes the battle led by the allied forces of Norway
and Ireland, led by the rebel Macdonwald as a desperate one in
which

As two
spent swimmers that do cling together(10)
And choke their
art.

the merciless Macdonwald
and Macbeth have battled.  Macbeth, himself very brutal, slays Macdonwald by brandishing
his sword and "carving out his passage" until he has reached him.  Without any courtesy
to the rebel, Macbeth brutally slices him from the navel to the jaws.  Then, Macbeth
places Macdonwald's head on top of the fort's wall. 

The
Thane of Cawdor is also revealed to have been plotting against Duncan, the king of
Scotland; however, whether he has worked alone or with Macdonwald is unknown. The
nobleman Ross then describes how the Norweigan army began their assault after Macbeth
and his men have defeated Macdonwald.  Enraged, rather than fearful, Macbeth and Banquo
"redoubled strokes upon the foe," and deafted the opposing
forces.

Impressed by Macbeth's bravery, King Duncan orders
the death of the traitorous Thane of Cawdor and gives his title to Macbeth,
declaring,

readability="6">

 What he hath lost, noble Macbeth hath
won.

This scene clearly
establishes both the bravery of Macbeth as well as his potential for brutality which is
later displayed in Macbeth's acts of "vaulting ambition" after he hears the predictions
of the three witches.

How does Harper Lee create mood and atmosphere in chapter 10 of To Kill A Mocking Bird?Specifically, begin with the part in which Scout and Jem...

'Nothing is more deserted than a deserted,
waiting street. The trees were still, the mockingbirds were silent, the carpenters at
Miss Maudie's house has vanished.' Pg. 105

In
this quote, the author Harper Lee compares silence with something extremely deadly.
Furthermore, Harper Lee utilises the technique of shutting off one sense [hearing,
silence] and heightening the other senses. The author also almost personifies the street
by referring to it as 'waiting'.  

Silence is also
juxtaposed with a crack: ' In the silence, i heard a crack'. This
increases the tension and the reader is drawn into the novel even more.
                                     

Similes are also used
to create vivid imagery: 'We could see him shiver like a horse shedding
flies', 'his jaw opened and shut', 'he was a-list but he was gradually being pulled
towards us.

 

A car travels at 55 mph for 24 min. Then travels at 75 mph for 135 min. Find the total distance the car traveled.

Let the first speed be S1 = 55 mph and the time is T1 = 24
min.

The second speed is S2= 135 and the time is T2 = 135
min.

We need to find the total distance
.

Let the total diostance be D = D1 +
D2

Let us calculate.

First we
will need to convert the time to hours since we are given the speed in
hours.

==> T1 = 24 min = 24*1/60 hour = 0.4
hour.

==> T1 =
0.4

==> T2 = 135 min = 135*1/60 hour = 2.25
hour.

==> T2 = 2.25

Now
we will calculate the distance.

==> D1 = S1*T1 = 55*
0.4 = 22 miles.

==> D2 = S2*T2 = 75*2.25 = 168.75
miles

==> D = 22 + 168.75 = 190.75
miles.

Then the total distance is 190.75
miles.

How does Jerry Cruncher help convince Barsad to cooperate with Carton in A Tale of Two Cities?Book 3 chapter 8

It is rather fortuitous that Jerry Cruncher accompanies
Sydney Carton as he goes to play his "game of cards" with Barsad and seeks to find some
leverage to ensure that he can put his self-sacrificial plan into action. Barsad of
course "organised" the death of Cly, which he has a certificate for. However, Jerry
Cruncher, thanks to his hidden career as a "Resurrection Man" or Grave Digger, actually
dug up the supposed coffin of Cly and found nothing but gravestones, which he states
indignantly to Barsad:

readability="8">

"I tell you," said Jerry, "that you buried
paving-stones and earth in that there coffin. Don't go and tell me that you buried Cly.
It was a take in. Me and two more knows
it."

Thus Jerry Cruncher is
able to help Carton at this stage in the novel by the way that he can disprove the
"death" of Cly and therefore support Carton in proving the shifting identity of Barsad,
which would greatly be to his disadvantage.

What is the summary of "Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey" by William Wordsworth?

The poem begins with Wordsworth pointing out that it has
been five years since he lst visited this beautiful natural location. He gives us a
description of the awesome view that he can see from his vantage point, giving us
details of the "wild, secluded scene" that lies before him. He tells us how this
panorama has sustained him during moments of despair in the midst of the "din / Of towns
and cities." It has given rise to feelings that have prompted him to engage in acts "Of
kindness and of love." Above all, the memory of this beautiful landscape has given him
transcendental experiences where Wordsworth has experienced a state that is beyond the
everyday state of existence, refered to as being "of aspect more
sublime."

Such transcendental moments are a true blessing
that are able to unburden life of its worries and cares. Such deep rest is enjoyed as a
result that a kind of union with nature is achieved as "we become a living soul." In
this state, focus is directed inward as the inner life of the soul is
explored.

From line 66 onwards, the poem moves to a
comparison between Wordsworth's appreciation of the landscape five years ago, which was
more passionate and instinctive, to his more philosophical appreciation now, which
enables him to hear the "still, sad music of humanity." The older, maturer Wordsworth
can perceive a kind of spiritual presence in nature and in his own mind. This perception
results in an even greater love of nature, which Wordsworth sees as augmenting his
finest qualities as a human.

The last section of this poem
focuses on Wordsworth's sister, Dorothy, who is with him. Through her "wild eyes" he is
able to regain the passion of his youth. He prays for his sister, having unshakeable
confidence in Nature and how Nature is true to those who love her. The speaker then goes
on to ask that Dorothy's mind would be an abode for transcendental sights and sounds,
just as he himself has found healing through this landscape. Healing can likewise come
to Dorothy through this panorama as she remembers their time together and how the view
was more important to Wordsworth, both because of his maturity and because of her
presence with him.

In "Barn Burning," what is the importance of this quote?Later, twenty years later he was to tell himself, "If I had said they wanted only truth,...

In this particular quote, Sarty doesn't feel the need to
answer right away (although, twenty years is a long time to keep silent).  Faulkner
allows Sarty to use the text as he chooses, revealing Abner's guilt on his own terms,
yet remaining loyal to Abner throughout.   If you notice, adult Sarty does not live in
the present--he carries no real voice.  Instead, the narration becomes an endless cycle,
much like the cycle of abuse, in which Sarty focuses on telling the truth about
Abner. 

More importantly is what isn't
said in those twenty years. As an abuse victim, the silence corresponds to the
symptomology of repression or a refusal to 'feel."  Abner has a history of physical
abuse and Sarty knew that any response was the wrong one.  As a child, Sarty would only
know Abner's behavior as an expression of 'love;' it wouldn't be until he grew into
adulthood that Sarty would understand Abner's need to dominate and control his
family. And, as in many cases of abused children, it often takes years for the victim
(Sarty) to recognize what that violence has done.   So, Sarty is rendered voiceless for
twenty years, powerless in his attempt to control the abuse--and in his abilitiy to
voice it. 

Because Sarty know exactly how to act/appear in
front of his father, he also recognizes that:

readability="12">

It is not in defense of this violence but in an
effort to understand it—the 'savage blows ... but without heat' that I might add that Ab
seems here to be passing on, in a more explicitly despotic, violent form, the
naturalized, axiomatic social and economic violence he feels directed against
himself"(emphasis
added). 

The
final understanding is that Sarty must have some control over his situation, his
powerlessness, and his anger at Abner.  Perhaps on some level it's what compels Sarty to
testify against his father.  As a child he his moral compass was black or white, right
or wrong; he had no understanding of justice and vendettas.  For Sarty the child, this
amounts to a Catch-22...how do do the right thing, without angering the man who provides
for his family.