I would actually strongly hesitate to call any of Jane
Austen's characters caricatures. A caricature is an exaggeration that makes something
ludicrous. While some of Austen's characters certainly are ludicrous for the sake of
humor, they are actually not false exaggerations, or imitations. All of her characters,
even the ludicrous ones, have a depth of "moral and mental qualities." Even Sir Walter
Scott stated, after having read Pride and Prejudice for the third
time, that Austen "had a talent for describing the involvement, and feelings, and
characters of ordinary life" (Jane Austen's
Art and her Literary Reputation, Pemberley.com). It is even recorded that he
declared that Austen's characters are people everyone will meet in their parlor at least
once.
There is a great deal of truth to what Scott said,
and it can be seen in Austen's subtle characterizations. For instance, though Mr.
Collins may be ridiculous because he has no mind of his own and worships Lady Catherine,
he also has a great deal of pride in his job as a clergyman. He also has moral standing
that we especially see when he writes the letter giving his condolences and advice on
Lydia's fallen state. Since Mr. Collins actually does have a more complex mental and
moral state other than just being ridiculous, he cannot be seen as a
caricature.
Even Mrs. Bennet cannot be seen as a caricature
because, even though she prattles on about marrying her daughters and worries about the
estate's entailment and prattles on about her nerves, she is actually quite devastated
when she learns of Lydia's betrayal to her family. She refuses to leave her room because
of the state she is in. Scott is correct, women like Mrs. Bennet truly do
exist.
Wickham's character is also not an exaggeration. There truly
are men who appear to be very kind and noble, but are actually very conniving, caring
only about their own personal gain and ready to exploit anyone for that purpose.
Furthermore, the very polarity of his character alone proves that his character is far
deeper than a caricature.
Even the Bingley sisters are not
exaggerations. There truly are materialistic, malicious, gossipy women in the world.
Caroline Bingley is especially a portrayal of reality in the way that the she is
depicted as trying to attract Darcy and teasing him about his attraction to
Elizabeth.
Hence, because Austen's characters are not exaggerations
but portrayals of real life, they cannot be called caricatures and one has to look at
her more subtle characterization techniques in order to analyze this
clearly.
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