Tuesday, March 5, 2013

How does Orwell explore the problem of rhetoric in Animal Farm?

It is through Squealer that Orwell is at his strongest in
constructing how language can reflect power.  Squealer's function in controlling the
printed word and the spoken word is powerfully important.  Napoleon is not able to wield
the power he is unless Squealer is able to construct the truth that validates his
authority.  It is through language and political rhetoric that credibility is conferred
upon the government.  When Squealer rewrites history, he does so to ensure that it
reflects the Pigs' rule as a benevolent one in favor of the animals on the farm.  In a
very metaphysical manner, Squealer's vision of truth is the only vision of truth that is
able to be articulated on the farm.  This means that if Squealer writes it, there has to
be an acceptance, forced or not, of truth.  This enhances the idea that language is
power, especially in a state controlled setting where what is said has no other
competition.  When Squealer rewrites the past so that Snowball never receives the award
of "Animal Hero, First Class," there is no other conception of truth because there is no
other alternate history to be articulated or other rhetorical conception of truth
allowed.  In this light, Orwell suggests that if authority possesses control of rhetoric
and is not questioned at each turn because of it, there is a greater chance it will use
the power is gains to consolidate and buttress its own credibility, and not work for the
larger conception of the good.

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