I believe that your question asks for the contrast between
science, as an investigative field, versus other fields of study that also gather data
with the aim of finding enough evidence to prove a point. If I am wrong, I am sure
another editor will pick up after my answer and get to the gist of
it.
My answer is that science is aimed to follow a specific
process, namely the scientific method, in order to obtain information. This process is
outlined below in simple vocabulary:
1. Formulate your
question- What do you want to find out?
2. Gather the data-
Get all the info you need.
3. Stipulate a hypothesis- Give
yourself a "yay" or "nay" on whether you will prove yourself right or wrong. Either way
will be OK.
4. Conduct your experiment-Test it
out.
5. How did your hypothesis fare?- Is your "yay" or
"nay" right, or wrong?
6. Make a conclusion based on your
findings.
This being said, not every field that requires
investigation follows the scientific method. Hence, you could argue that the scientific
method at least allows you the benefit of using multiple steps to establish a
conclusion.
Although other fields may use quantitative
research to infuse the scientific process to it (this is true for any field that wants
to try a new intervention), in science you deal less with philosophy and more with raw,
attainable data.This is because this field often uses readily-available resources found
everywhere in nature. This is, of course assuming that you are referring to natural
sciences.
For example, establishing a correlation between
E.Coli and hemorrhagic diarrhea is easier than establishing a correlation between
teaching the ABC's in a native language to an ESL learner, than doing the
opposite.
As you can see, science is everywhere you look.
It is a field of life and nature which helps us understand our everyday lives with more
accuracy than other fields because the "tools of the trade" are right in front of our
eyes.