Compare and contrast positive and negative reinforcement.In operant conditioning.

The main thing that these two have in common is that they
are both meant to make a certain behavior more likely.  This is in contrast to
punishment, which seeks to make the behavior less
likely.

In operant conditioning, positive reinforcement is
given in the form of a reward when a subject performs the desired behavior.  When a
subject gets this reward for performing the behavior, it makes them more likely to do
that behavior again in the future.

Negative reinforcement
is not punishment.  Instead, it involves taking away something that the subject
does not like when the subject performs the desired
behavior.  This makes the subject more likely to perform the desired behavior because
doing so results in the removal of some unpleasant stimulus.