In Act I, Scene 3 of Shakespeare's As You Like
It, Duke Frederick orders his niece, Rosalind, to leave his court. He wrongly
accuses her of treason. When his own daughter, Celia, protests the banishment of
Rosalind, Frederick responds as
follows:
- Frederick
She is too subtle for thee; and her smoothness,
Her very
silence and her patience,
Speak to the people, and they pity her.
Thou art a fool. She robs thee of thy name;
And thou wilt show
more bright and seem more virtuous 485
When she is gone. Then open not thy
lips.
Firm and irrevocable is my doom
Which I have pass'd upon
her; she is banish'd.
This is a
revealing speech for a number of reasons, including the
following:
- Frederick is the
character who might most reasonably be described as “subtle,” especially if that word
suggests a person who is devious and not to be
trusted. - Ironically, in the very act of attacking
Rosalind, he calls attention to some of her virtues, including her
“patience.” - The fact that the populace feels “pity” for
Rosalind suggests that many people in the dukedom possess a virtue that Frederick
himself seems to lack, thus making him seem uncommon in his
hard-heartedness. - The true “fool” in this play is
Frederick himself, in the sense that he behaves unreasonably and
unwisely. - By making this kind of decision and speech,
Frederick will in the long run be robbing himself of his own “name” or
reputation. - Frederick assumes that his daughter shares
his own selfish motivations. - Frederick believes that
Rosalind is a traitor or potential traitor, but he has already proven himself the true
traitor in the play by usurping his brother’s dukedom.
- Frederick speaks with an unbending determination that
implies his enormous pride – a central sin for Renaissance
Christians.
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