Charles Dickens capitalizes upon the image created by the
usual expression, "the storming of the Bastille" by employing sea imagery in Chapter 22
of Book the Second in A Tale of Two Cities as he describes
metaphorically the beginning of the French Revolution as a "dreadful sea rising,"
a "raging sea" and "a whirlpool of boiling water." In the previous chapter, Dickens
writes that Defarge is "swept" from his wine-shop
readability="14">.... over the lowered drawbridge, past the
massive stone outer walls, in among the eight great towers
surrendered!So resistless was the force of the ocean
bearing him on, that even to draw his breath or turn his head was as impracticable as if
he had been struggling in the surf of the South Sea, until he was landed in the outer
courtyard of the
Bastille.Swept along with
the mob Defarge is led to cell One Hundred and Five, North Tower in the Bastille, an old
prison for political enemies, where the initials A.M. for Alexandre Dumas are written as
well as the words "poor physician." Then, Defarge is caught in "the howling universe of
passion and contention" as bloodshed begins and Saint Atoine's "blood was up," an
allusion to Chapter 5 of Book the First in which the wine cask
spills.Continuing the imagery of the sea, Dickens
presages the destruction to come with the forces of Fate and the
revolutionaries described asreadability="8">black and threatening water, and of destructive
upheavings of wave against wave, whose depths were yet unfathomed and whose forces were
yet unknown.Defarge or any
other has no control over this angry, headlong, and mad mob. Reflecting upon the
continuing revolution, Chapter 22 is entitled "The Sea Still Rises." The metaphoric
character, the Vengeance, emerges as the mob is led by Defarge and Madame Defarge, who
has her knife in her girdle. "The men were terrible, in the bloody-minded anger" as they
take any weapons they find, but the women are "a sight to chill the boldest." They
capture the old aristocrat Foulon who had said of the starved peasants that they might
eat grass. Binding him with ropes, they taunt him, saying "Let him eat it [grass]now!"
At this, Madame Defarge claps her hands "as at a
play."Like birds of prey, the Jacques and Vengeance and
Defarges and others drag Foulon taunting him as he is forced to keep a mouthful of
grass. The mob sets his head and heart "on pikes, and carried the three spoils of the
day, in Wolf-procession through the streets." It has been a day of raging passion,
vengeance, cruelty, and carnage that will continue.It is worthy of note that Dickens
imposes the present tense upon his last paragraph of Chapter 21, indicating this
continuation to come.
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