why are less species found near poles as compared to the equator?(Environmental Education)

To answer this question, you need to look at the two
environments. Plants need sunlight and precipitation to grow. Animals need plants to
eat, or they eat other animals that eat plants. For an ecosystem to have rich
biodiversity, you need abundant moisture and sunlight.

This
ecosystem with abundant moisture and sunlight exists around the equator. The equatorial
areas play host to most of the world's tropical rainforests. Unlike the northern and
southern hemispheres, the equatorial areas do not experience major seasonal changes in
sunlight. Precipitation does change, and there is a wet season and a dry season.
However, the sun shines all year round. Conditions are excellent for abundant plant and
animal growth. Forests grow quickly and have many layers. There are also many different
niches in these forests, providing different habitats for different animal
species.

At the poles, life is much more difficult for
plants and animals. Most of the year it is very cold. There is a narrow summer window
when plants can grow and animals can mate. At other times, conditions are harsh. Only
those animals and plants that are adapted to cool, dark weather can
survive.

In betweent the poles and the equator are
environments where there are varying amounts of sunlight and rainfall. These
environments are less diverse than the equator and tend to be more diverse than the
poles.